The transformation of a standard mobile into cancer is akin to a chain response a result of initial glitches, which compound into far more extreme faults, Every single progressively making it possible for the mobile to escape additional controls that Restrict normal tissue advancement. This rebellion-like state of affairs is undoubtedly an unwanted survival of the fittest, where by the driving forces of evolution operate against the body's design and enforcement of buy.
癌症是一组可影响身体任何部位的多种疾病的通称。使用的其它术语为恶性肿瘤和赘生物。癌症的一个决定性特征是异常细胞快速生成，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的临近部位和扩散到其它器官。后者被称为转移。广泛转移是癌症死亡的主要原因。
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Compared with procedure that may be aimed at directly killing cancer cells, the first objective of palliative treatment is to enhance Standard of living.
Upper body X-ray exhibiting lung cancer from the left lung Most cancers are initially recognized possibly because of the visual appeal of indications or signs or symptoms or via screening.[a hundred twenty five] Neither of those contributes to a definitive diagnosis, which needs the examination of the tissue sample by a pathologist.
Medical procedures is the first technique of remedy for most isolated, stable cancers and should Engage in a role in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is typically a very important Element of the definitive prognosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are usually demanded.
Individuals with most cancers have an 癌症 elevated chance of blood clots inside their veins that may be everyday living-threatening.[210] The usage of blood thinners for instance heparin lessen the chance of blood clots but haven't been demonstrated to raise survival in individuals with cancer.[210] Individuals that just take blood thinners even have a heightened danger of bleeding.[210]
健康饮食。选择富含水果和蔬菜的饮食。选择全谷物和瘦肉蛋白质。限制摄入加工肉类。
The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, believed that all disease was the result of chemical processes Which acidic lymph fluid was the cause of cancer. His modern Nicolaes Tulp thought that cancer was a poison that slowly but surely spreads and concluded that it absolutely was contagious.[230]
如前所述，癌症源于正常细胞转变为肿瘤细胞的多阶段过程，通常从癌前病变发展 到恶性肿瘤。这些变化是一个人的遗传因素与三种外部因素相互作用的结果，外部 因素包括：
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雖然癌症症狀的治療並不被視為是癌症的治療方法，但對於癌症病患的生活品質有重要的幫助，也能用來評估病患是否能進一步接受其他治療。儘管所有醫師都能夠使用藥物來減輕或抑制疼痛、噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉、出血及其他癌症患者常見的症狀，舒緩治療的進一步發展對於有這一方面的需求的病患仍然是相當重要的。
有些恶性肿瘤，并不被称为癌或肉瘤，而是以“恶性……瘤”的名词出现，如恶性黑色素瘤。
虽然医生知道哪些因素会增加患癌风险，但大多数癌症会发生于没有任何已知导致癌症的风险因素的人身上。可导致癌症风险增加的已知因素包括：